Annie said “I’d love to hear more about marketing your work”, so I dragged up another oldie but goodie from the “Diapers to Deadlines” archives.

When non-writers find out that I write for consumer magazines, I often get a response that sounds something like this: "How do you decide which magazines to send which ideas to? They all look the same to me."

Ah, but they really aren’t.

Yes, even I often joke with my sister that all a successful writer has to do is come up with new ways to "walk off the weight". But going beyond a casual look, a reader who’s paying attention can see that style and tone ranges from magazine to magazine or website to website, even if the subject matter is similar and the designs and layouts look almost exactly the same. Are the articles written to "you" or do they take a more formal third-person approach? Or a combination? Are they friendly and casual in tone or authoritative and heavy on "expert" advice? How long are the articles? How many sidebars does each one have? How photo-driven are the stories? Are there regular departments that appear consistently? Are they written by freelancers, staffers, or regular contributors? Does the magazine or website run first-person essays? Two magazines can sit side-by-side on a newsstand, have similar cover lines, similar-looking cover art, and the answers to the above questions could be very different.

That’s why market research is important. Researching a market–whether it’s a magazine, newspaper, web publication, literary journal, or publishing house–to find out what sort of writing they publish and when, is smart business. Not only will you hit the mark more often when you really understand the publication you’re submitting your work or pitching ideas to, but on those times that you don’t make a sale, you’ll at least make a positive impression upon an editor–that even if this idea doesn’t work out, (because: it’s in the works, it’s already been done, they aren’t running articles by writers whose first name begins with "A" that month…) you’ve done your homework, and you understand the publication. Impressing the editor makes it more likely that you’ll get one of those "this doesn’t work for me, but I’d love to hear more from you" responses.

If you’ve read a beginner’s book on freelancing, no doubt you’ve been advised to send away for writer’s guidelines. I have noticed that many guidelines say something along the lines of "reading the magazine is the best way to find out what sorts of things we publish". It’s true. Writer’s guidelines are helpful, but they usually won’t tell you everything you need to know–which editor is in charge of this section and that one? How many words does the back-page essay run? Is there a back-page essay–or any essays at all? How cutting-edge, timely, or "evergreen" (meaning, one of those topics that never really stops being relevant) are the articles?

Similarly, book publishers all have a different feel when it comes to the titles they publish. Some publishers have lots of celebrity titles. Some publish really art-driven books that are packaged in a certain way. Some publish narrative nonfiction, or only serious fiction, or only genre fiction. You’ll get the best feel for which houses are appropriate for your project if you see what else they’re publishing first.

For those working on book projects, getting an up-close-and-personal feel for what different publishers are putting out might mean many trips to the library or bookstore, seeing which other books are out there and who’s publishing them. Magazine and newspaper writers can also utilize the library: many will allow you to check out back issues of magazines and newspapers. Sites like www.mags4cheap.com offer dirt-cheap subscriptions. Or, ask freelancer friends to participate in a magazine or newspaper swap–just tear out the departments you’re interested in and the masthead to avoid paying shipping on page after page of advertising!

So how much reading should you plan to do? All writers have different approaches when it comes to market research. For example, traditionalists may say that magazine freelancers should study a minimum of six months to a year’s worth of back issues before they pitch–the idea being that they’re less likely to repeat an idea that’s been covered recently that way. But in my experience, since magazines assign so far in advance (up to a year; sometimes more), and you can have no way of knowing what’s in the works now, reading a year–or even three year’s–worth of issues is really no insurance against coming up with the same idea somebody else is already working on. Besides, my memory isn’t good enough to retain an entire year’s worth of articles!

I find that my energy is better spent really focusing in on two or three recent issues, looking carefully at these things:

*Tone. Is the language fun, funky, or formal? Are the articles unfailingly upbeat, do they always contain solutions, do they ever end on a negative note? Do the writers use "you" or "I" in the articles? How expert-heavy is the advice given?

*Who’s writing the articles. Check the masthead to find out if editors and other staffers, contributing editors, or freelancers are writing the articles in each section. If a section seems to always be written by an in-house person, it might mean it’s not open to freelancers.

*Article Length. A magazine that doesn’t ever run articles over 1500 words long isn’t going to be interested in my proposal to cover the latest health craze in 4000 words, even if it’s a REALLY good idea. But if I can figure out a way to approach the topic in 1500 words, I might be able to re-slant the idea for another publication later.

*Departments. Are there regular departments, and are they written by freelancers? Do they follow a specific pattern or formula each issue?

*Sidebars and other visual elements. If a publication tends to have very visually-driven articles or routinely uses charts, graphs, sidebars and other breakouts, suggesting them in the pitch might help the editor visualize the way my idea would look on the page.

Once you’ve done the research, what you choose to do with the information is up to you. Some writers pick and choose which markets will fit their ideas, exactly the way they want to write them. Some writers will package an idea differently in order to appeal to different markets. It’s up to you–whichever approach best fits in with your goals can work, as long as you go in armed with enough information to choose.